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The legal term used when a judge releases a defendant who promises to return to court is recognized as "recognizance." This arrangement relies on the defendant's commitment to appear at future court dates without requiring a cash bond or collateral to ensure their return. The judge may opt for this release in cases where they believe the defendant is likely to appear, taking into account factors such as the nature of the crime, the defendant's ties to the community, and their prior criminal history. By granting release on recognizance, the court allows for a more lenient approach while still maintaining the integrity of the judicial process.

In contrast, probation refers to a court-ordered period of supervision in the community, typically after a conviction, rather than an initial release awaiting trial. Bail usually involves setting a monetary amount that the defendant must pay to be released, which is distinct from a promise to return without financial conditions. Parole involves the supervised release of a prisoner before the completion of their sentence, which is separate from the pre-trial release concept exemplified by recognizance.